Shabda or sabda - Sound, word, language, OM, oral tradition
adyāpi na nivṛtto me saṃśayaḥ parameśvara |
kiṃ rūpaṃ tattvato deva śabdarāśikalāmayam || 2 ||
śabda
| (H2) | śábda [p= 1052,3] [p= 1052,2] [L=212652]
m. |
(in Dhya1nabUp. also n. ifc. f(ā). perhaps connected with √3. śap cf. also 2. śap) sound , noise , voice , tone , note (śabdaṃ √ kṛ , to utter a sound , raise the voice , cry aloud ; sound is supposed to be sevenfold [ MBh. xii , 6858] or eight. fold [ Dharmas. 35] or tenfold [ MBh. xiv , 1418] ; in the mīmāṃsā it is taught to be eternal)
| [L=212653] |
a word ( |
śabdena , by word , explicitly , expressly) ib. Ka1s3. on Pa1n2. 2-3 , 19
| [L=212654] |
speech , language |
BhP.
| [L=212655] |
the right word , correct expression ( |
opp. to apa-śabda) Pat.
| [L=212656] |
the sacred syllable Om , |
Amr2itUp.
| [L=212657] |
(in gram.) a declinable word or a word-termination , affix |
Pa1n2. Sch.
| [L=212658] |
a name , appellation , title |
Mn. MBh. &c (tacchabdāt , " because it is so-called " Ka1tyS3r. )
| [L=212659] |
a technical term |
TPra1t.
| [L=212660] |
verbal communication or testimony , oral tradition , verbal authority or evidence (as one of the |
pramāṇas q.v. ) Nya1yas. Sarvad.
śabdarāśi
| (H3) | śábda--rāśi [p= 1053,1] [L=212769]
m. |
(in phil.) a collection of sounds or words or in fallible verbal teachings (said of the veda)
| [L=212770] |
" collection of sounds or letters " , the alphabet
|
Hermeneutics and language in Pūrva Mīmāmsā: a study in Śābara Bhāsya - Page 39
| Othmar Gächter | - 1990 - 164 pages - Preview
Language is the primordial mystery on which Sabara throws some light through his careful explanation of sabda. ... Sabda The incapability of translating sabda into another language by a single term is the main difficulty of any ...
books.google.com
Siva Sutras: The Yoga of Supreme Identity - Page liii
| Jaideva Singh | - 1988 - 278 pages - Preview
It goes by this name in some of the tantras and in the yoga tradition of Gorakhanatha. Among the mediaeval saints of north India, such as Kabir and others, it is called surati-sabda yoga. In Radhasvami sect also, it is known as ...
books.google.com
A study in the dialectics of Sphoṭa - Page 83
| Gaurinath Bhattacharyya Shastri | - 1980 - 105 pages - Preview
abhyudaya, ultimately reaching the goal of life through sabda-pur va-yoga . Let us now turn to 4. It states that Pasyanti, the highest to be achieved in life, is attained through sabda-purva-yoga coming in the wake of knowledge of ...
books.google.com
Yoga and psychology: language, memory, and mysticism - Page 34
| Harold G. Coward | - 2002 - 115 pages - Google eBook - Preview
In line with sphosa theoty, Vacaspati notes that these predicate relations among sabda, attha, andjnana teptesent ... To such high-ettot-level perception Yoga applies the technical tetm savitatka, which means indistinct concenttation ...
books.google.com
The Yoga of delight, wonder, and astonishment: a translation of ... - Page 37
| Jaideva Singh | - 1991 - 173 pages - Google eBook - Preview
as nadanusandhana in some of the older upanifods and Natha tradition, and surati sabda yoga in Kabira and other mediaeval saints. 3. Patrakarne means that this inner spontaneous sound is not audible to every ear but only to ...
books.google.com
śabdarāśimaheśvara
| (H4) | śábda--rāśi---mahe* śvara [L=212771]
m. |
" great lord of the alphabet " , N. of śiva (as the revealer of grammar to pāṇini) RTL. 84 , 1 Cat.
Other Sanskrit Words for Sound and Shabda (or sabda)
śabdakarmaka
| (H3) | śábda--karmaka [L=212661]
mfn. |
(a root) meaning , " to sound " Ka1s3. on Pa1n2. 1-4 , 52. -1.
śabdakarman
| (H3) | śábda--karman [L=212662]
n. |
" sound-making " , a sound , noise A1past.
| (H3) | śábda--karman 2 [L=212663]
mfn. |
= -karmaka Pa1n2. 1-4 , 52.
śabdakāra
| (H3) | śábda--kāra [L=212668]
( |
Pa1n2. ) mfn. making a noise or sound , sounding , sonorous.
śabdakārin
| (H3) | śábda--kārin [L=212669]
( |
Nir. ) mfn. making a noise or sound , sounding , sonorous.
śabdaguṇa
| (H3) | śábda--guṇa [L=212682]
m. |
the quality of sounds MW.
| [L=212683] |
the excellence of the sound or form (of a poem , as |
opp. to artha-g° q.v. ; there are 10 guṇā*laṃkāras , viz. ojas , prasāda , śleṣa , samatā , samādhi , mādhurya , saukumārya , udāratā , artha-vyakti , and kānti , qq. vv.) Va1m. iii , 1 , 4.
śabdagraha
| (H3) | śábda--graha [L=212685]
m. |
" receiver of sounds " , the ear L.
| [L=212686] |
receiving or catching sound |
ib.
| [L=212687] |
N. |
of a fabulous arrow ib.
śabdacitra
| (H3) | śábda--citra [L=212694]
n. |
sound-variation , alliteration &c Kpr. Sa1h.
| (H3B) | śábda--citra [L=212695]
mfn. |
having various or fanciful sounds MW.
śabdanityatā
| (H3) | śábda--nityatā [L=212711]
f. |
the eternity of sound (also -tva MW. )
śabdapāta
| (H3) | śábda--pāta [L=212722]
m. |
range or reach of sound
śabdabāṇāgravedhin
| (H3) | śábda--bāṇā* gra-vedhin [L=212733]
mfn. |
hitting (an unseen object) with an arrow's point by (aiming at) the mere sound R. (cf. śabda-vedhin).
śabdabrahman
| (H3) | śábda--brahman [p= 1053,1] [L=212737]
n. |
" word-brahman " , the veda considered as a revealed sound or word and identified with the Supreme MaitrUp. Pur.
śabdamaya
| (H3) | śábda--maya [L=212753]
mf |
(ī)n. consisting of sound or of sounds VPra1t. Hcar.
| [L=212754] |
sounding uttering , sounds |
Hariv.
| [L=212755] |
( |
ifc.) consisting or formed of a partic. word Ragh. xviii , 5.
śabdamātra
| (H3) | śábda--mātra [L=212756]
n. |
sound only , a mere sound Pan5cat.
śabdarahita
| (H3) | śábda--rahita [L=212768]
mfn. |
" destitute of sound " , noiseless VarBr2S.
śabdarūpa
| (H3) | śábda--rūpa [L=212772]
n. |
the nature or quality of a sound , a partic. sound Pan5cat.
| [L=212773] |
the gram. form of a word |
Ka1s3. on Pa1n2. 2-3 , 48
| [L=212774] |
N. |
of a gram. wk.
| (H3B) | śábda--rūpa [L=212775]
mf |
(ā)n. appearing in the form of a sound Pan5car.
śabdavat
| (H3) | śábda--vat [L=212782]
mfn. |
uttering sounds , sounding , noisy Nir. Hariv.
| [L=212783] |
crackling (as flame) |
VarBr2S.
| [L=212784] |
endowed with sound (as wind) |
BhP.
| (H4) | śábda--vat [L=212785]
ind. |
noisily MBh. Ma1rkP.
śabdaviśeṣa
| (H3) | śábda--viśeṣa [L=212793]
m. |
difference or variety of sound
| [L=212794] |
pl. |
the varieties of sound (these the sāṃkhya arranges accord. to the accents , udātta , an-udātta , svarita , and the notes of the gamut , ṣaḍ-ja , ṛṣabha , gāndhāra , madhyama , pañcama , daivata , niṣāda &c , qq. vv.) MW.
śabdavedha
| (H3) | śábda--vedha [L=212797]
mfn. |
= vedhin (applied to an arrow) Pan5cad.
| (H3B) | śábda--vedha [L=212798]
m. |
the act of shooting at or hitting an invisible object the sound of which is only heard MBh. R. DivyA7v.
śabdavedhin
| (H3) | śábda--vedhin [L=212799]
mfn. |
" sound-piercing " , hitting an unseen (but heard) object Nir. R. (°dhi-tva n. MBh. R. )
| [L=212800] |
N. |
of arjuna L.
| [L=212801] |
of king |
daśa-ratha MW.
śabdasambhava
| (H3) | śábda--sambhava [p= 1053,2] [L=212824]
m. |
the source or origin of sound (applied to air or the wind) Hariv.
śabdasādhana
| (H3) | śábda--sādhana [L=212826]
mfn. |
hitting a mere sound (i.e. hitting an object perceived only by the ear ; cf. śabda-vedhin) MBh.
śabdasparśarasa
| (H3) | śábda--sparśa-rasa [L=212837]
m. pl. |
sound and touch and taste R.
śabdātita
| (H3) | śabdā* tita [L=212846]
mfn. |
beyond the reach of sound (applied to the Supreme) MW.
śabdādi
| (H3) | śabdā* di [L=212847]
m. |
(scil. viṣaya q.v.) the objects of sense beginning with sound W.
śabdādidharmin
| (H4) | śabdā* di---dharmin [L=212848]
mfn. |
having the quality of sound &c (ib.)
śabdādimat
| (H4) | śabdā* di---mat [L=212848.1]
mfn. |
having the quality of sound &c ( S3arpk. ??)
śabdādhiṣṭhāna
| (H3) | śabdā* dhiṣṭhāna [L=212850]
" sound-receptacle " , the ear |
L.
śabdānurūpa
| (H3) | śabdā* nurūpa [L=212856]
n. |
conformity to or imitation of sound W.
śabdānusāra
| (H3) | śabdā* nusāra [L=212861]
m. |
following a sound
śabdānusāreṇa
| (H4) | śabdā* nusāreṇa [L=212862]
ind. |
in the direction of a sound S3ak.
śabdābhivaha
| (H3) | śabdā* bhivaha [L=212867]
mf |
(ā)n. conducting sound (as the auditory passage) Sus3r.
śabdārtha
| (H3) | śabdā* rtha [L=212874]
m. |
(du.) sound (or word) and sense Sa1h. (cf. artha-śabdau g. rāja-dantā*di)
| [L=212875] |
the nature or meaning of sounds |
VPra1t.
| [L=212876] |
the meaning of a word ( |
» śabdaśabdā*rtha-mañjūṣā)
| [L=212877] |
sense or meaning of oral tradition (as a source of knowledge ; |
cf. comp.)
śabdārthagarbhavat
| (H4) | śabdā* rtha---garbha-vat [L=212879]
mfn. |
containing (virtually) sound and meaning Ra1matUp.
śabdālaṃkāra
| (H3) | śabdā* laṃkāra [p= 1053,3] [L=212883]
m. |
embellishment of the sound (of a sentence by rhyme. alliteration &c , as opp. to arthā*l° q.v.) , a figure of speech depending for its pleasingness on sound or words (such as the yamaka and anuprā*sa , qq. vv.)
śabdendriya
| (H3) | śabde* ndriya [L=212894]
n. |
" sound-organ , the ear " Sus3r.
śabdotpatti
| (H3) | śabdo* tpatti [L=212895]
f. |
production or origin of sound TPra1t.
śabdaka
| (H2) | śabdaka [L=212897]
m. |
= śabda , a sound AgP.
śabdana
| (H2) | śabdana [L=212898]
mfn. |
sounding , sonorous Pa1n2. 3-2 , 148 Sch.
| (H2B) | śabdana [L=212899]
n. |
sounding , a sound , noise W.
| (H2B) | śabdana [L=212900]
n. |
(ifc.) speaking , talking about Cat.
śabdāya
| (H2) | śabdāya [L=212902]
( |
cf. √ śabd) Nom. A1. °yate ( Pa1n2. 3-1 , 17 ; exceptionally also °yati) , to make a sound (acc.) , cry , yell , bray Nir. MBh. &c : Caus. śabdāyayati , to cause a sound to be made by (instr.) Pa1n2. 1-4 , 52 Va1rtt. 1 Pat. ;
to cause any one (acc.) to , cry by (instr.) Vop. v , 5.
śaraśarāya
| (H1) | śaraśarāya [p= 1057,3] [L=213806]
° |
yati (onomat.) , to hiss , make , hissing sound A1s3vS3r.
śāṅkha
| (H1) | śāṅkha [p= 1063,1] [L=215040]
mf |
(ī)n. (fr. śaṅkhá) relating to or made of a conch or any shell
| (H1B) | śāṅkha [L=215041]
n. |
the sound of a conch-shell L.
śābda
| (H1) | śābdá [p= 1065,2] [L=215539]
mf |
(ī)n. (fr. śabda) sonorous , sounding W.
| [L=215540] |
relating to sound (as |
opp. to ārtha q.v.) Sa1h.
| [L=215541] |
based on sounds , expressed in words oral , verbal , ( |
esp.) resting on or enjoined by sacred sound (i.e. on the veda ; with brahman. n. = " the veda ") S3Br. &c
| [L=215542] |
nominal (as inflection) |
W.
| (H1B) | śābdá [L=215543]
m. |
a philologist , grammarian RPra1t.
| (H1B) | śābdá [L=215544]
m. pl. |
a partic. sect Hcar.
śābdika
| (H2) | śābdika [L=215551]
mfn. |
sonorous , uttering a sound Pa1n2. 4-4 , 34
| [L=215552] |
relating to sounds or words , verbal |
W.
| (H2B) | śābdika [L=215553]
m. |
" conversant with words " , a grammarian , lexicographer , Sin6ha7s. A1past.S3r. Sch.
śabdārtha
| (H3) | śabdā* rtha [L=212874]
m. |
(du.) sound (or word) and sense Sa1h. (cf. artha-śabdau g. rāja-dantā*di)
| [L=212875] |
the nature or meaning of sounds |
VPra1t.
| [L=212876] |
the meaning of a word ( |
» śabdaśabdā*rtha-mañjūṣā)
| [L=212877] |
sense or meaning of oral tradition (as a source of knowledge ; |
cf. comp.)
Alphabet-Words in Sanskrit (MW reverse search)
1 a (alphabet)
2 akṣaranyāsa (alphabet)
3 akṣarasamāmnāya (alphabet)
4 amoghā (alphabet)
5 ayogavāha (alphabet)
6 ā (alphabet)
7 ākṣarasamāmnāyika (alphabet)
8 i (alphabet)
9 ī (alphabet)
10 u (alphabet)
11 ū (alphabet)
12 ṛ (alphabet)
13 ṝ (alphabet)
14 ḷ (alphabet)
15 ḹ (alphabet)
16 e (alphabet)
17 ai (alphabet)
18 o (alphabet)
19 au (alphabet)
20 ka (alphabet)
21 kāmadhenutantra (alphabet)
22 kha (alphabet)
23 kharoṣṭī (alphabet)
24 khāsyalipi (alphabet)
25 ga (alphabet)
26 gha (alphabet)
27 ṅa (alphabet)
28 ca (alphabet)
29 mātṛkā (alphabet)
30 mātṛkākośa (alphabet)
31 lipi (alphabet)
32 varga (alphabet)
33 varṇakrama (alphabet)
34 varṇapāṭha (alphabet)
35 varṇamālā (alphabet)
36 varṇarāśi (alphabet)
37 varṇasaṃghāṭa (alphabet)
38 varṇasaṃghāta (alphabet)
39 varṇasamāmnāya (alphabet)
40 śabdarāśi (alphabet)
41 śabdarāśimaheśvara (alphabet)
42 śivasūtra (alphabet)
43 saguṇavatī (alphabet)
44 siddhamātrikā (alphabet)
45 ha (alphabet)
46 gurumukhī (alphabet)
a
| (H1) | a 1 [p= 1,1] [L=1]
the first letter of the alphabet
|
| [L=1.1] |
the first short vowel inherent in consonants.
|
| (H1) | a 2 [L=3]
( |
pragṛhya q.v.) , a vocative particle ([a ananta , O viṣṇu]) T.
| [L=3.1] |
interjection of pity , Ah!
|
| (H1) | a 3 [L=4]
(before a vowel |
an , exc. a-ṛṇin) , a prefix corresponding to Gk. ἀ , ἀν , Lat. in , Goth. and Germ. un , Eng. in or un , and having a negative or privative or contrary sense (an-eka not one ; an-anta endless ; a-sat not good ; a-paśyat not seeing)
| [L=4.1] |
rarely prefixed to |
Inf. (a-svaptum not to sleep Ta1n2d2yaBr. ) and even to forms of the finite verb (a-spṛhayanti they do not desire BhP. S3is3. ) and to pronouns (a-saḥ not he S3is3. ; a-tad not that BhP. )
| [L=4.2] |
occasionally denoting comparison ( |
a-brāhmaṇa like a brahman T. )
| [L=4.3] |
sometimes disparagement ( |
a-yajña a miserable sacrifice)
| [L=4.4] |
sometimes diminutiveness ( |
cf. á-karṇa , an-udarā)
| [L=4.5] |
rarely an expletive ( |
cf. a-kupya , a-pūpa). According to Pa1n2. 6-2 , 161, the accent may be optionally either on the first or last syllable in certain compounds formed with a (as á-tīkṣṇa or a-tīkṣṇá , á-śuci or a-śucí , án-anna or an-anná)
| [L=4.6] |
the same applies to stems ending in |
tṛ accentuated on the first syllable before a is prefixed
| [L=4.7] |
cf. |
also á-tūrta and a-tū́rta , á-bhinna and a-bhinná , &c
| (H1) | a 4 [L=5]
the base of some pronouns and |
pronom. forms , in asya , atra , &c
| (H1) | a 5 [L=6]
the augment prefixed to the root in the formation of the imperfect , aorist , and conditional tenses (in the |
veda often wanting , as in Homer , the fact being that originally the augment was only prefixed in principal sentences where it was accentuated , whilst it was dropped in subordinate sentences where the root-vowel took the accent).
| (H1) | a 6 [L=7]
m. |
N. of viṣṇu L. (especially as the first of the three sounds in the sacred syllable om).
akṣaranyāsa
| (H3) | a-kṣára--nyāsa [p= 3,3] [L=605]
m. |
array of syllables or letters
| [L=606] |
the alphabet.
|
akṣarasamāmnāya
| (H3) | a-kṣára--samāmnāya [L=617]
m. |
alphabet Pat. BhP.
amoghā
| (H1B) | a-moghā [p= 83,1] [L=14358]
f. |
trumpet flower , Bignonia Suaveolens , Roxb.
| (H1B) | a-moghā [L=14359]
f. |
a plant of which the seed is used as a vermifuge , Erycibe Paniculata Roxb.
| (H1B) | a-moghā [L=14360]
f. |
Terminalia Citrina Roxb.
| (H1B) | a-moghā [L=14361]
f. |
N. of a spear MBh. iii , 16990 and R. i , 29 , 12
| (H1B) | a-moghā [L=14362]
f. |
(with or without rātri) " the unfalling one " a poetical N. of the night MBh.
| (H1B) | a-moghā [L=14363]
f. |
a mystical N. of the letter kṣ (being the last one of the alphabet)
| (H1B) | a-moghā [L=14364]
f. |
N. of durgā L.
| (H1B) | a-moghā [L=14365]
f. |
of the wife of śātanu
| (H1B) | a-moghā [L=14366]
f. |
of one of the mothers in kanda's suite MBh. ix , 2639.
ayogavāha
| (H3) | a-yoga--vāha [p= 85,3] [L=14939]
m. |
" (sounds) which occur (in the actual language) without being given (by grammarians) together with (the other letters of the alphabet) " , a term for anusvāra , visarjanīya , upadhmānīya , jihvāmūlīya , and the yamas Pat. on śivasūtra 5 and on Pa1n2. 8-3 , 5.
ā
| (H1) | ā 1 [p= 126,1] [L=22010]
the second vowel of the alphabet corresponding to the |
a in far.
| (H1) | ā 2 [L=22011]
ind. |
a particle of reminiscence Pa1n2. 1-1 , 14 Pat.
| [L=22011.1] |
also of compassion or pain [more correctly written 1. |
ās q.v.] , and of assent L. ([This particle remains unaltered in orthography even before vowels (which causes it to be sometimes confounded with 1. ās) Pa1n2. 1-1 , 14.])
| (H1) | ā 3 [L=22012]
m. |
N. of śiva L.
| [L=22013] |
grandfather |
L.
| (H1B) | ā 3 [L=22014]
f. |
N. of lakṣmī L.
| (H1) | ā́ 4 [L=22015]
(as a prefix to verbs , especially of motion , and their derivatives) near , near to , towards ( |
» ā- √kram &c ; in the veda , of course , the prefix is separable from the verb ; in a few cases RV. i , 10 , 11 and v , 64 , 5, a verb in the imperative is to be supplied ; with roots like gam , yā , and i , " to go " , and 1. dā , " to give " , it reverses the action ; e.g. ā-gacchati , " he comes " ; ā-datte , " he takes "). (As a prep. with a preceding acc.) near to , towards , to RV.
| [L=22015.05] |
(with a preceding noun in the |
acc. , as jóṣam or váram) for RV.
| [L=22015.10] |
(with a following |
acc.) up to .. exclusively AitBr.
| [L=22015.15] |
(with a preceding |
abl.) from RV. AV.
| [L=22015.20] |
out of , from among ( |
e.g. bahúbhya ā́ , " from among many ") RV.
| [L=22015.25] |
towards (only in |
asmád ā́ , " towards us ") RV.
| [L=22015.30] |
(with a following |
abl. cf. Pa1n2. 2-1 , 13 & 3 , 10) up to , to , as far as RV. AV. &c
| [L=22015.35] |
from |
RV. i , 30 , 21
| [L=22015.40] |
(with a preceding |
loc.) in , at , on RV. AV. (As an adv. after words expressing a number or degree) fully , really , indeed (e.g. trír ā́ divás , " quite or fully three times a day " ; mahimā́ vām índrā*gnī pániṣṭha,ā́ , " your greatness , O indra and agni , is most praiseworthy indeed " , &c ) RV.
| [p= | 126,2] [p= 126,1] [L=22015.45]
(after a |
subst. or adj.) " as , like " , (or it simply strengthens the sense of the preceding word) RV. , (after a verb) RV. v , 7 , 7 KenaUp.
| [L=22015.50] |
(as a conjunctive particle) moreover , further , and (it is placed either between the two words connected [rarely after the second |
RV. x , 16 , 11, or after both RV. x , 92 , 8] or, if there are more , after the last [ RV. iv , 57 , 1 and x , 75 , 5] ; » also ā*taś ca s.v.) In classical Sanskrit it may denote the limit " to " , " until " , " as far as " , " from " , either not including the object named or including it (sometimes with acc. or abl. or forming an adv.) e.g. ā-maraṇam or ā-maraṇāt , " till death " Pan5cat. (cf. ā-maraṇā*nta &c )
| [L=22015.55] |
ā-gopālā dvijātaya |
ḥ , " the twice-born including the cowherds " MBh. ii , 531
| [L=22015.60] |
ā-samudram |
or ā-samudrāt , " as far as the ocean " or " from the ocean " (but not including it)
| [L=22015.65] |
ā-kumāram |
, " from a child " or " from childhood " or " to a child " (cf. Lat. a@puero) MBh. iii , 1403
| [L=22015.70] |
ā-kumāram yaśa |
ḥ pāṇineḥ , " the fame of pāṇini extends even to children "
| (H1B) | ā́ 4 [L=22015.75]
ājānu-bāhu |
mfn. " one whose arms reach down to the knees " R. i , 1 , 12
| (H1B) | ā́ 4 [L=22015.80]
( |
» also ākarṇa- and ājanma-)
| (H1B) | ā́ 4 [p= 125,2] [L=22015.85]
( |
cf. ā-jarasám , ā-vyuṣám , ā-saptama , o*tsūyám.) Prefixed to adj. ([rarely to subst. ; cf. ā-kopa]) it implies diminution Pa1n2. 2-2 , 18 Comm. " a little " e.g. ā-piñjara mfn. a little red , reddish Ragh. xvi , 51
| (H1B) | ā́ 4 [L=22015.90]
( |
» also ā-pakva , o*ṣṇa , &c ) Some commentaries (e.g. Comm. on Ragh. iii , 8) occasionally give to ā in this application the meaning samantāt , " all through , completely " , as ā-nīla , " blue all round. "
ākṣarasamāmnāyika
| (H1) | ākṣarasamāmnāyika [p= 128,3] [L=22383]
mfn. |
(fr. akṣ°arasamā°mnāya , q.v.) belonging to the alphabet (as a letter) Pat.
i
Whitney Roots links: i1
| (H1) | i 1 [p= 163,2] [L=28533]
the third vowel of the alphabet , corresponding to |
i short , and pronounced as that letter in kill &c
| (H1) | i 2 [p= 163,3] [L=28536]
ind. |
an interjection of anger , calling , sorrow , distress , compassion , &c , (g. cā*di Pa1n2. 1-4 , 57 , &c )
| (H1) | i 3 [L=28537]
base of |
Nom. and Acc. sg. du. and pl. of the demonstrative pronoun idam , " this " or " that "
| [L=28537.1] |
([ |
cf. ítara , itas , iti íd , idā́ , iyat , iva , iha: cf. also Lat. id ; Goth. ita ; Eng. it ; Old Germ. iz ; Mod. Germ. es.])
| (H1) | i 4 [L=28538]
m. |
N. of kāmadeva L.
| (H1) | i 5 [L=28539]
cl.2 P. |
éti (Impv. 2. sg. ihí) and 1. P. A1. áyati , ayate ([cf. √ay]) , (pf. iyāya [2. sg. iyátha AV. viii , 1 , 10 , and iyétha RV. ] fut. eṣyati ; aor. aiṣīt ; inf. etum , étave RV. and AV. , étavaí RV. étos RV. ityaí RV. i , 113 , 6 , 124 , 1) to go , walk ;
to flow ;
to blow ;
to advance , spread , get about ;
to go to or towards (with acc.) , come RV. AV. S3Br. MBh. R. Hit. Ragh. &c ;
to go away , escape , pass , retire RV. AV. S3Br. R. ;
to arise from , come from RV. ChUp. ;
to return (in this sense only fut.) MBh. R. ;
(with punar) to come back again , return MBh. R. Pan5cat. &c ;
to succeed Mn. iii , 127 ;
to arrive at , reach , obtain RV. AV. S3Br. S3ak. Hit. &c ;
to fall into , come to ;
to approach with prayers , gain by asking (cf. ita) ;
to undertake anything (with acc.) ;
to be employed in , go on with , continue in any condition or relation (with a part. or instr. e.g. asura-rakṣasāni mṛdyamānāni yanti , " the asuras and Rakshases are being continually crushed " S3Br. i , 1 , 4 , 14 ; gavāmayanene*yuḥ , " they , were engaged in the [festival called] gavāmayana " Ka1tyS3r. xxv , 5 , 2) ;
to appear , be Kat2hUp. : Intens. A1. ī́yate ( RV. i , 30 , 18 ; p. iyāná RV. ; inf. iyádhyai RV. vi , 20 , 8) to go quickly or repeatedly ;
to come , wander , run , spread , get about RV. AV. VS. ;
to appear , make one's appearance RV. AV. Br2A1rUp. ;
to approach any one with requests (with two acc.) , ask , request RV. AV. : Pass. ī́yate , to be asked or requested RV. : Caus. āyayati , to cause to go or escape Vop. ;
([cf. Gk. εἶ-μι , ἴ-μεν ; Lat. e-o , i1-mus , i-ter , &c ; Lith. ei-mi4 , " I go " ; Slav. i-du7 , " I go " , i-ti , " to go " ; Goth. i-ddja , " I went. "])
ī
| (H1) | ī 1 [p= 170,1] [L=29689]
the fourth letter of the alphabet , corresponding to |
i long , and having the sound of ee in feel.
| (H1) | ī 2 [L=29691]
m. |
N. of kandarpa , the god of love L.
| (H1B) | ī 2 [L=29692]
f. |
(ī or īs) N. of lakṣmī L. ([also in MBh. xiii 1220, according to Ni1lak. (who reads puṇyacañcur ī)]).
| (H1) | ī 3 [L=29693]
ind. |
an interjection of pain or anger
| [L=29693.1] |
a particle implying consciousness or perception , consideration , compassion.
|
| (H1) | ī 4 [L=29694]
for √ |
i. » 5. i.
u
| (H1) | u 1 [p= 171,3] [L=29997]
the fifth letter and third short vowel of the alphabet , pronounced as the |
u in full.
| (H1) | u 2 [L=29999]
ind. |
an interjection of compassion , anger L.
| [L=29999.1] |
a particle implying assent , calling , command |
L.
| (H1) | u 3 [L=30000]
ind. |
an enclitic copula used frequently in the vedas
| [L=30000.1] |
(as a particle implying restriction and antithesis , generally after pronominals , prepositions , particles , and before |
nu and su , equivalent to) and , also , further
| [L=30000.2] |
on the other hand (especially in connexion with a relative |
e.g. ya u , he on the contrary who &c ) This particle may serve to give emphasis , like id and eva , especially after prepositions or demonstrative pronouns , in conjunction with nu , vai , hi , cid , &c (e.g. ayám u vām purutámo.. johavīti [ RV. iii , 62 , 2] , this very person [your worshipper] invokes you &c ) It is especially used in the figure of speech called Anaphora , and particularly when the pronouns are repeated (e.g. tám u stuṣa índram tám gṛṇīṣe [ RV. ii , 20 , 4] , him I praise , indra , him I sing). It may be used in drawing a conclusion , like the English " now " (e.g. tád u táthā ná kuryāt [ S3Br. v , 2 , 2 , 3] , that now he should not do in such a manner) , and is frequently found in interrogative sentences (e.g. ká u tác ciketa [ RV. i , 164 , 48] , who , I ask , should know that?) pāṇini calls this particle uñ to distinguish it from the interrogative u. In the pada-pāṭha it is written ūm. In the classical language u occurs only after atha , na , and kim , with a slight modification of the sense , and often only as an expletive (» kim)
| [L=30000.3] |
u |
- u or u - uta , on the one hand - on the other hand
| [L=30000.4] |
partly - partly
|
| [L=30000.5] |
as , well - as.
|
| (H1) | u 4 [L=30001]
cl.5 P. |
unoti (» vy-u RV. v , 31 , 1) : cl.2 A1. (1. sg. uvé RV. x , 86 , 7) : cl.1 A1. avate Dha1tup. ;
to call to , hail ;
to roar , bellow (» also o*ta = ā-uta).
| (H1) | u 5 [L=30002]
m. |
N. of śiva
| [L=30003] |
also of |
brahman L.
ū
| (H1) | ū 1 [p= 221,1] [L=37938]
the sixth letter of the alphabet (corresponding to |
u long , and having the sound of that letter in the word rule).
| (H1) | ū 2 [L=37942]
ind. |
an interjection of calling to
| [L=37942.1] |
of compassion
|
| [L=37942.2] |
a particle implying promise to protect |
L.
| [L=37942.3] |
a particle used at the beginning of a sentence.
|
| (H1) | ū 3 [L=37943]
mfn. |
( √av Pa1n2. 6-4 , 20), helping , protecting L.
| (H1B) | ū 3 [L=37944]
m. |
(ūs) the moon L.
| (H1B) | ū 3 [L=37945]
m. |
N. of śiva L.
| (H1) | ū 4 [L=37958]
mfn. |
( √ve Vop. xxvi , 73), weaving , sewing.
ṛ
Whitney Roots links: f
| (H1) | ṛ 1 [p= 223,2] [L=38404]
the seventh vowel of the Sanskrit alphabet and peculiar to it (resembling the sound of |
ri in merrily).
| (H1) | ṛ 2 [L=38407]
ind. |
an interjection expressing laughter L.
| [L=38407.1] |
a particle implying abuse |
L.
| [L=38407.2] |
a sound inarticulate or reiterated as in stammering |
W.
| (H1) | ṛ 3 [L=38408]
m. |
heaven L.
| (H1B) | ṛ 3 [L=38409]
f. |
N. of aditi L.
| (H1) | ṛ 4 [L=38410]
cl.1.3.5. |
P. ṛcchati , iyarti , ṛṇoti , and ṛṇvati (only Ved.) ;
āra , ariṣyati , ārat , and ārṣīt , to go , move , rise , tend upwards RV. Nir. &c ;
to go towards , meet with , fall upon or into , reach , obtain RV. AV. S3Br. ChUp. MBh. &c ;
to fall to one's share , occur , befall (with acc.) RV. AitBr. S3Br. Mn. &c ;
to advance towards a foe , attack , invade S3Br. MBh. Mn. ;
to hurt , offend S3Br. vii ;
to move , excite , erect , raise , (íyarti vā́cam , he raises his voice RV. ii , 42 , 2 ; stómān iyarmi , I sing hymns RV. i , 116 , 1) RV. AV. vi , 22 , 3 : Caus. arpayati , to cause to move , throw , cast AV. x , 9 , 1 Ragh. &c ;
to cast through , pierce AV. ;
to put in or upon , place , insert , fix into or upon , fasten RV. S3a1k. Kum. Bhag. &c ;
to place on , apply Katha1s. Ratna1v. Ragh. &c ;
to direct or turn towards R. Bhag. &c ;
to deliver up , surrender , offer , reach over , present , give Ya1jn5. Pan5cat. Vikr. &c ;
to give back , restore Mn. viii , 191 Ya1jn5. S3ak. &c : Ved. Intens. alarti RV. viii , 48 , 8 ;
(2. sg. alarṣi RV. viii , 1 , 7 Pa1n2. 7-4 , 65) ;
to move or go towards with speed or zeal: Class. Intens. A1. arāryate ( Pa1n2. 7-4 , 30) , to wander about , haste towards Bhat2t2. Pat. Ka1s3. ; ([cf. Gk. ὄρ-νυ-μι , ἐρ-έ-της , ἀρό-ω , &c : Zend √ir: Lat. or-ior , re-mus , aro: Goth. argan: Angl.Sax. a1r: Old High Germ. ruo-dar , ar-an: Lith. ir-ti , " to row " ; ar-ti , " to plough. "])
ṝ
| (H1) | ṝ 1 [p= 227,2] [L=39134]
the eighth vowel of the alphabet (the corresponding long vowel to |
ṛ and resembling the sound of ri in marine , but after labials more like ru ; it generally only appears in some forms of nouns in ṛ , viz. in the gen. pl. of all genders , in the acc. pl. m. and f. and in nom. acc. and voc. pl. n.)
| (H1) | ṝ 2 [L=39136]
ind. |
an interjection of terror L.
| [L=39136.1] |
a particle implying reproach
|
| [L=39136.2] |
warding off |
L.
| [L=39136.3] |
a particle used at the beginning of a sentence |
L.
| (H1) | ṝ 3 [L=39137]
m. |
a bhairava L.
| [L=39138] |
a |
dānava L.
| (H1B) | ṝ 3 [L=39139]
f. |
the mother of the gods
| (H1B) | ṝ 3 [L=39140]
f. |
of the demons L.
| (H1B) | ṝ 3 [L=39141]
f. |
recollection
| (H1B) | ṝ 3 [L=39142]
f. |
going , motion L.
| (H1B) | ṝ 3 [L=39143]
n. |
a breast L.
| (H1) | ṝ 4 [L=39144]
for 4. |
ṛ q.v.
ḷ
| (H1) | ḷ 1 [L=39145]
the ninth vowel of the alphabet (resembling the sound |
lry in revelry ; it only appears in some forms of √kḷp).
| (H1) | ḷ 2 [L=39148]
m. |
a mountain L.
| [L=39149] |
the earth , the mother of the gods |
L.
ḹ
| (H1) | ḹ 1 [L=39151]
the tenth vowel of the alphabet (the corresponding long vowel to |
ḷ , entirely artificial and only appearing in the works of some grammarians and lexicographers).
| (H1) | ḹ 2 [L=39152]
m. |
śiva L.
| (H1B) | ḹ 2 [L=39153]
f. |
the mother of the cow of plenty
| (H1B) | ḹ 2 [L=39154]
f. |
the mother of the dānavas
| (H1B) | ḹ 2 [L=39155]
f. |
wife of a daitya
| (H1B) | ḹ 2 [L=39156]
f. |
mother
| (H1B) | ḹ 2 [L=39157]
f. |
divine female
| (H1B) | ḹ 2 [L=39158]
f. |
female nature.
e
| (H1) | e 1 [L=39159]
the eleventh vowel of the alphabet (corresponding to the letter |
e as pronounced in prey , grey).
| (H1) | e 2 [L=39161]
ind. |
an interjection MaitrS.
| [L=39161.1] |
a particle of recollection
|
| [L=39161.2] |
addressing
|
| [L=39161.3] |
censure
|
| [L=39161.4] |
contempt
|
| [L=39161.5] |
compassion |
L.
| (H1) | e 3 [L=39162]
m. |
viṣṇu L.
| (H1) | e* 4 [L=39163]
( |
ā- √i) P. -eti , to come near or towards , go near , approach RV. AV. S3Br. &c ;
(with and without punar) to come back , come again to AitBr. MBh. Katha1s. &c ;
to reach , attain , enter , come into (a state or position) Mn. xii , 125 Megh. Prab. &c ;
to submit , fall to one's share ChUp. v , 14 , 1 (āyayanti ?) Kat2hUp. : Intens. A1. (3. du. -iyāte ; 1. pl. -īmahe) to hasten near RV. vii , 39 , 2 ;
to request VS. iv , 5.
ai
| (H1) | ai 1 [p= 233,1] [L=40290]
the twelfth vowel of the alphabet and having the sound of |
ei in height.
| (H1) | ai 2 [L=40292]
ind. |
an interjection MaitrS.
| [L=40292.1] |
a particle of addressing
|
| [L=40292.2] |
summoning
|
| [L=40292.3] |
remembering |
L.
| (H1) | ai 3 [L=40293]
m. |
N. of śiva L.
o
| (H1) | o 1 [p= 235,1] [L=40584]
the thirteenth vowel of the alphabet (corresponding to English |
o).
| (H1) | o 2 [L=40586]
ind. |
an interjection L.
| [L=40586.1] |
a particle of addressing
|
| [L=40586.2] |
calling
|
| [L=40586.3] |
reminiscence
|
| [L=40586.4] |
of compassion |
L.
| (H1) | o 3 [L=40587]
m. |
N. of brahmā L.
| (H1) | o* 4 [L=40588]
( |
ā- √u).
au
| (H1) | au 1 [p= 236,2] [L=40789]
the fourteenth vowel of the alphabet (having the sound of English |
ou in our).
| (H1) | au 2 [L=40791]
ind. |
an interjection
| [L=40791.1] |
a particle of addressing
|
| [L=40791.2] |
calling
|
| [L=40791.3] |
prohibition
|
| [L=40791.4] |
ascertainment |
L.
| (H1) | au 3 [L=40792]
m. |
N. of ananta or śeṣa L.
| [L=40793] |
a sound |
L.
| [L=40794] |
the |
setu or sacred syllable of the śūdras , Ka1lika1P. ?? ([ T. ])
| (H1B) | au 3 [L=40795]
f. |
(aus) the earth L.
ka
| (H1) | ka 1 [p= 240,2] [L=41332]
the first consonant of the alphabet , and the first guttural letter (corresponding in sound to |
k in keep or king).
| (H1) | ká 2 [L=41336]
kas |
,kā,kim , interrog. pron. (» kim and 2. kad , and cf. the following words in which the interrogative base ka appears , katama,katara,kati,katham,kadā,karhi,kā , &c ) , who? which? what? In its declension ka follows the pronoun tad except in nom. acc. sing. neut. , where kim has taken the place of kad or kat in classical Sanskrit
| [p= | 240,3] [p= 240,2] [L=41336.1]
but the old form |
kad is found in the veda (» Gram. ?? 227) ; ([cf. Zd. ka , ko7 , kA7 , kat ; Gk. πόθεν , πῶς , (Ion. κόθεν , κῶς ,) τίς , τί ; Lat. quis , quid ; Lith. kas ká ; Goth. hvas , hvo7 , hva , Angl.Sax. hwa1 , hwaet ; Eng. who , what.]) The interrogative sentence introduced by ka is often terminated by iti (e.g. kasya sa putra iti kathyatām , let it be said , " whose son is he? ") , but iti may be omitted and the sentence lose its direct interrogative character (e.g. kasya sa putro na jñāyate , it is not known whose son he is) . ka with or without √1. as may express " how is it possible that? " " what power have I , you , they , &c ? " (e.g. ke mama dhanvino'nye , what can the other archers do against me? ke āvām paritrātum , what power have we to rescue you?) ka is often connected with a demonstrative pron. (e.g. ko 'yam āyāti , who comes here?) or with the potential (e.g. ko hariṃ nindet , who will blame hari?) ka is sometimes repeated (e.g. kaḥ ko 'tra , who is there? kān kān , whom? whom? i.e. which of them? cf. Gram. 54) , and the repetition is often due to a kind of attraction (e.g. keṣāṃ kiṃ śāstram adhyayanīyam , which book is to be read by whom? Gram. 836. a). When kim is connected with the inst. c. of a noun or with the indecl. participle it may express " what is gained by doing so , &c ? " (= ko'rthas)
| [L=41336.2] |
( |
e.g. kiṃ vilambena , what is gained by delay? kim bahunā , what is the use of more words? dhanena kiṃ yo na dadāti , what is the use of wealth to him who does not give? with inst. and gen. , nīrujaḥ kim auṣadhaiḥ , what is the use of medicine to the healthy?) ka is often followed by the particles iva , u , nāma , nu , vā , svid , some of which serve merely to generalize the interrogation (e.g. kim iva etad , what can this be? ka u śravat , who can possibly hear? ko nāma jānāti , who indeed knows? ko nv ayam , who , pray , is this? kiṃ nu kāryam , what is to be done? ko vā devād anyaḥ , who possibly other than a god? kasya svid hṛdayaṃ nā*sti , of what person is there no heart?) ka is occasionally used alone as an indefinite pronoun , especially in negative sentences (e.g. na kasya ko vallabhaḥ , no one is a favourite of any one ; nā*nyo jānāti kaḥ , no one else knows ; kathaṃ sa ghātayati kam , how does he kill any one?) Generally , however , ka is only made indefinite when connected with the particles ca,caná,cid,vā ,andápi , in which case ka may sometimes be preceded by the relative ya (e.g. ye ke ca , any persons whatsoever ; yasyai kasyai ca devatāyai , to any deity whatsoever ; yāni kāni ca mitrāṇi , any friends whatsoever ; yat kiṃca , whatever) . The particle cana , being composed of caandna , properly gives a negative force to the pronoun (e.g. yasmād indrād ṛte kiṃcana , without which indra there is nothing) , but the negative sense is generally dropped (e.g. kaścana , any one ; na kaścana , no one) , and a relative is sometimes connected with it (e.g. yat kiṃcana , anything whatsoever) . Examples of cid with the interrogative are common
| [L=41336.3] |
vā |
and api are not so common , but the latter is often found in classical Sanskrit (e.g. kaścid , any one ; kecid , some ; na kaścid , no one ; na kiṃcid api , nothing whatsoever ; yaḥ kaścid , any one whatsoever ; kecit - kecit , some - others ; yasmin kasmin vā deśe , in any country whatsoever ; na ko 'pi , no one ; na kimapi , nothing whatever) . ka may sometimes be used , like 2. kad , at the beginning of a compound. » ka-pūya , &c
| (H1) | ká 3 [L=41337]
m. |
(according to native authorities) N. of prajāpati or of a prajāpati VS. xx , 4 ; xxii , 20 TS. i S3Br. &c
| [L=41338] |
of |
brahman MBh. i , 32 BhP. iii , 12 , 51 ; xii , 13 , 19 ; 20
| [L=41339] |
of |
dakṣa BhP. ix , 10 , 10
| [L=41340] |
of |
viṣṇu L.
| [L=41341] |
of |
yama L.
| [L=41342] |
of |
garuḍa
| [L=41343] |
the soul |
Tattvas.
| [L=41344] |
a particular comet |
VarBr2S.
| [L=41345] |
the sun |
L.
| [L=41346] |
fire |
L.
| [L=41347] |
splendour , light |
L.
| [L=41348] |
air |
L.
| [L=41349] |
a peacock |
L.
| [L=41350] |
the body |
L.
| [L=41351] |
time |
L.
| [L=41352] |
wealth |
L.
| [L=41353] |
sound |
L.
| [L=41354] |
a king |
L.
| [L=41355] |
= |
kāma-granthi (?)
| (H1B) | ká 3 [L=41356]
n. |
happiness , joy , pleasure ChUp. iv , 10 , 5 Nir. &c
| (H1B) | ká 3 [L=41357]
n. |
water MaitrS. i , 10 , 10 S3Br. x Ya1jn5. &c
| (H1B) | ká 3 [L=41358]
n. |
the head
| (H1B) | ká 3 [L=41359]
n. |
hair , a head of hair L.
| (H1B) | ká 3 [L=41360]
n. |
(also regarded as ind. ; cf. 1. kam.)
| (H1) | ka 4 [L=41365]
a |
taddhita affix (much used in forming adjectives ; it may also be added to nouns to express diminution , deterioration , or similarity e.g. putraka , a little son ; aśvaka , a bad horse or like a horse).
kāmadhenutantra
| (H4) | kā́ma--dhenu---tantra [p= 272,2] [L=48095]
n. |
N. of wk. on the mystical signification of the letters of the alphabet.
kha
| (H1) | kha 1 [p= 334,1] [L=60669]
the second consonant of the alphabet (being the aspirate of the preceding consonant ; often in |
MSS. and Inscr. confounded with ṣa).
| (H1) | kha 2 [p= 334,2] [L=60671]
m. |
the sun L.
| (H1) | khá 3 [L=60672]
n. |
( √khan) a cavity , hollow , cave , cavern , aperture RV.
| [L=60673] |
an aperture of the human body (of which there are nine , viz. the mouth , the two ears , the two eyes , the two nostrils , and the organs of excretion and generation) |
AV. xiv , 2 , 1 and 6 Pra1t. Kat2hUp. Gaut. Mn. &c
| [L=60674] |
(hence) an organ of sense |
BhP. viii , 3 , 23
| [L=60675] |
(in |
anat.) the glottis W.
| [L=60676] |
" the hole made by an arrow " , wound |
Mn. ix , 43
| [L=60677] |
the hole in the nave of a wheel through which the axis runs |
RV. S3Br. xiv
| [L=60678] |
vacuity , empty space , air , ether , sky |
S3Br. xiv Pras3nUp. Mn. xii , 120 &c
| [L=60679] |
heaven |
L.
| [L=60680] |
brahma |
(the Supreme Spirit) W.
| [L=60681] |
(in |
arithm.) a cypher Su1ryas. Sa1h.
| [L=60682] |
the |
anusvāra represented by a circle (bindu) L.
| [L=60683] |
N. |
of the tenth astrological mansion VarBr2.
| [L=60684] |
talc |
L.
| [L=60685] |
a city |
L.
| [L=60686] |
a field |
L.
| [L=60687] |
happiness (a meaning derived fr. |
su-kha , duḥ-kha) L.
| [L=60688] |
action |
L.
| [L=60689] |
understanding |
L.
| (H2) | kha [p= 1325,3] [L=329580]
(in |
comp.)
kharoṣṭī
| (H1) | kharoṣṭī [p= 337,3] [L=61504]
f. |
a kind of written character or alphabet Lalit. x , 29
| [L=61505] |
° |
roṭṭhi Jain.
khāsyalipi
| (H1) | khāsya-lipi [p= 339,3] [L=61891]
f. |
(fr. khasa?) , a kind of written character or alphabet Lalit. x , 32.
ga
| (H1) | ga 1 [p= 341,1] [L=62146]
(3rd consonant of the alphabet) , the soft guttural having the sound g in give
|
| (H1B) | ga 1 [L=62146.1]
m. |
N. of gaṇe*śa L.
| (H1) | ga 2 [p= 341,2] [L=62148]
mf |
(ā)n. ( √gam) only ifc. going , moving (e.g. yāna- , going in a carriage Mn. iv , 120 Ya1jn5. iii , 291 ; śīghra- , going quickly R. iii , 31 , 3 ; cf. antarikṣa- &c )
| [L=62149] |
having sexual intercourse with ( |
cf. anya-strī-)
| [L=62150] |
reaching to ( |
cf. kaṇṭha-)
| [L=62151] |
staying , being , abiding in |
VarBr2. Ragh. iii , 13 Katha1s. &c (e.g. pañcama- , abiding in or keeping the fifth place , S3rut. )
| [L=62152] |
relating to or standing in connection with |
R. vi , 70 , 59 BhP. &c (cf. a- , agra- , a-jihma- , atyanta- , &c ; agre-gá , &c )
| (H1) | ga 3 [L=62153]
mf |
(ī Pa1n2. 3-2 , 8)n. ( √gai) only ifc. singing (cf. chando- , purāṇa- , sāma-)
| (H1B) | ga 3 [L=62154]
m. |
a gandharva or celestial musician L.
| (H1B) | ga 3 [L=62156]
n. |
id. L.
| (H1) | ga 4 [L=62157]
(used in works on prosody as an abbreviation of the word |
guru to denote) a long syllable W.
| [L=62157.1] |
(in music used as an abbreviation of the word |
gāndhāra to denote) the third note.
gha
| (H1) | gha 1 [p= 375,1] [L=69207]
the 4th consonant of the Sanskrit alphabet (aspirate of the preceding).
|
| (H1) | gha 2 [L=69209]
ind. |
(used to lay stress on a word) at least , surely , verily , indeed , especially (= Gk. γε) , RV. AV. v , 13 , 10 & 11 ; vi , 1 , 3. In the saṃhitā the final vowel is generally lengthened (ghā cf. Pa1n2. 6-3 , 133)
| [L=69209.1] |
as a rule it is preceded by other particles ( |
utá , utó , utá vā , cid , ná , vā) or by a pronoun or a preposition
| [L=69209.2] |
it is also found between |
iva and íd
| [L=69209.3] |
or between |
iva and íd aha , or between vā and íd
| [L=69209.4] |
sometimes it occurs in the clause which depends on a conditional or relative sentence ( |
e.g. ā́ ghā gamad yádi śrávat , " he will surely come when he hears " RV. i , 30 , 8), i , 161 , 8 ; viii , 46 , 4.
| (H1) | gha 3 [L=69210]
mfn. |
( √han) ifc. " striking , killing " cf. jīva- , tāḍa- , pāṇi- , rāja- , &c (cf. also parigha)
| (H1) | gha 4 [L=69212]
m. |
a rattling or gurgling or tinkling sound L.
| [L=69213] |
a bell |
L.
ṅa
| (H1) | ṅa 1 [p= 380,1] [L=70275]
the 5th consonant of the Sanskrit alphabet , nasal of the 1st class. No word in use begins with this letter
|
| [L=70275.1] |
it is usually found as the 1st member of a conjunct consonant preceded by a vowel.
|
| (H1) | ṅa 2 [L=70277]
m. |
an object of sense L.
| [L=70278] |
desire for any sensual object |
L.
| [L=70279] |
śiva |
(bhairava) L.
ca
| (H1) | ca 1 [L=70281]
the 20th letter of the alphabet , 1st of the 2nd (or palatal) class of consonants , having the sound of |
ch in church.
| (H1) | ca 2 [p= 380,2] [p= 380,1] [L=70283]
ind. |
and , both , also , moreover , as well as (= τε , Lat. que , placed like these particles as an enclitic after the word which it connects with what precedes ; when used with a personal pronoun this must appear in its fuller accented form (e.g. táva ca máma ca [not te ca me ca] , " both of thee and me ") , when used after verbs the first of them is accented Pa1n2. 8-1 , 58 f. ; it connects whole sentences as well as parts of sentences ; in RV. the double ca occurs more frequently than the single (e.g. aháṃ ca tváṃ ca , " I and thou " , viii , 62 , 11) ; the double ca may also be used somewhat redundantly in class. Sanskrit (e.g. kva hariṇakānāṃ jīvitaṃ cā*tilolaṃ kva ca vajra-sārāḥ śarās te , " where is the frail existence , of fawns and where are thy adamantine arrows? " S3ak. i , 10) ; in later literature , however , the first ca is more usually omitted (e.g. ahaṃ tvaṃ ca) , and when more than two things are enumerated only one ca is often found (e.g. tejasā yaśasā lakṣmyā sthityā ca parayā , " in glory , in fame , in beauty , and in high position " Nal. xii , 6) ; elsewhere , when more than two things are enumerated , ca is placed after some and omitted after others (e.g. ṛṇa-dātā ca vaidyaś ca śrotriyo nadī , " the payer of a debt and a physician [and] a Brahman [and] a river " Hit. i , 4 , 55) ; in Ved. and even in class. Sanskrit [ Mn. iii , 20 ; ix , 322 Hit. ] , when the double ca would generally be used , the second may occasionally be omitted (e.g. indraś ca soma , " both indra [and thou] soma " RV. vii , 104 , 25 ; durbhedyaś cā*śusaṃdheyaḥ , " both difficult to be divided [and] quickly united " Hit. i) ; with lexicographers ca may imply a reference to certain other words which are not expressed (e.g. kamaṇḍalau ca karakaḥ , " the word karaka has the meaning " pitcher " and other meanings ") ; sometimes ca is = eva , even , indeed , certainly , just (e.g. su-cintitaṃ cau*ṣadhaṃ na nāma-mātreṇa karoty arogam , " even a well-devised remedy does not cure a disease by its mere name " Hit. ; yāvanta eva te tāvāṃśca saḥ , " as great as they [were] just so great was he " Ragh. xii , 45) ; occasionally ca is disjunctive , " but " , " on the contrary " , " on the other hand " , " yet " , " nevertheless " (varam ādyau na cā*ntimaḥ , " better the two first but not the last " Hit. ; śāntam idam āśrama-padaṃ sphurati ca bāhuḥ , " this hermitage is tranquil yet my arm throbs " S3ak. i , 15) ; ca-ca , though-yet Vikr. ii , 9 ; ca-na ca , though - yet not Pat. ; ca - na tu (v.l. nanu) id. , Ma1lav. iv , 8 ; na ca - ca , though not - yet Pat. ; ca may be used for vā , " either " , " or " (e.g. iha cā*mutra vā , " either here or hereafter " Mn. xii , 89 ; strī vā pumān vā yac cā*nyat sattvam , " either a woman or a man or any other being " R. ) , and when a neg. particle is joined with ca the two may then be translated by " neither " , " nor " ; occasionally one ca or one na is omitted (e.g. na ca paribhoktuṃ nai*va śaknomi hātum , " I am able neither to enjoy nor to abandon " S3ak. v , 18 ; na pūrvā*hṇe nā ca parā*hṇe , " neither in the forenoon nor in the afternoon ") ; ca-ca may express immediate connection between two acts or their simultaneous occurrence (e.g. mama ca muktaṃ tamasā mano manasijena dhanuṣi śaraś ca niveśitaḥ , " no sooner is my mind freed from darkness than a shaft is fixed on his bow by the heart-born god " , vi , 8) ; ca is sometimes = ce*d , " if " (cf. Pa1n2. 8-1 , 30 ; the verb is accented) RV. AV. MBh. Vikr. ii , 20 Bhartr2. ii , 45 ; ca may be used as an expletive (e.g. anyaiś ca kratubhiś ca , " and with other sacrifices ") ; ca is often joined to an adv. like eva , api , tathā , tathai*va , &c , either with or without a neg. particle (e.g. vairiṇaṃ no*paseveta sahā*yaṃ caiva vairiṇaḥ , " one ought not to serve either an enemy or the ally of an enemy " Mn. iv , 133) ; (» eva , api , &c ) For the meaning of ca after an interrogative » 2. ká , 2. kathā́ , kím , kvá) ; ([cf. τε , Lat. que , pe (in nempe &c ) ; Goth. uh ; Zd. ca ; Old Pers. ca1.])
| (H1) | ca 3 [L=70287]
mfn. |
pure L.
| [L=70288] |
moving to and fro |
L.
| [L=70289] |
mischievous |
L.
| [L=70290] |
seedless |
L.
| (H1B) | ca 3 [L=70291]
m. |
a thief. L.
| (H1B) | ca 3 [L=70292]
m. |
the moon L.
| (H1B) | ca 3 [L=70293]
m. |
a tortoise L.
| (H1B) | ca 3 [L=70294]
m. |
śiva L.
mātṛkā
| (H2B) | mātṛkā [p= 807,3] [L=162408]
f. |
» next
| (H2) | mātṛkā [L=162410]
f. |
a mother (also fig. = source , origin) Ka1v. Katha1s. Pur.
| [L=162411] |
a divine mother ( |
cf. under mātṛ) RTL. 188
| [L=162412] |
a nurse |
L.
| [L=162413] |
a grandmother |
Das3.
| [L=162414] |
N. |
of 8 veins on both sides of the neck (prob. so called after the 8 divine mother) Sus3r.
| [L=162415] |
N. |
of partic. diagrams (written in characters to which a magical power is ascribed ; also the alphabet so employed ; prob. only the 14 vowels with anusvāra and visarga were originally so called after the 16 divine magical) Ra1matUp. Pan5car.
| [L=162416] |
any alphabet |
Hcat.
| [L=162417] |
( |
pl.) Lalit.
| [L=162418] |
a wooden peg driven into the ground for the support of the staff of |
indra's banner VarBr2S.
| [L=162419] |
N. |
of the works included in the abhidharma-piṭaka Buddh.
| [L=162420] |
of the wife of |
aryaman BhP.
| [L=162421] |
= |
karaṇa L.
mātṛkākośa
| (H3) | mātṛkā--kośa [L=162422]
m. |
N. of wk. (on the employment of the alphabet in cabalistic diagrams).
lipi
| (H2) | lipi [p= 902,2] [L=182617]
f. |
(accord. to L. also lipī) smearing , anointing &c (» -kara)
| [L=182618] |
painting , drawing |
L.
| [p= | 902,3] [L=182619]
writing , letters , alphabet , art or manner of writing |
Ka1v. Katha1s.
| [L=182620] |
anything written , manuscript , inscription , letter , document |
Naish. Lalit.
| [L=182621] |
outward appearance ( |
lipim- √āp , with gen. , " to assume the appearance of " ; citrāṃ lipiṃ √ nī , " to decorate beautifully ") Vcar.
varga
| (H1) | várga [p= 923,3] [L=187198]
m. |
(accented only in Nigh. ) (fr. √ vṛj) one who excludes or removes or averts KaushUp.
| [L=187198.05] |
( |
ifc. f(ā).) a separate division , class , set , multitude of similar things (animate or inanimate) , group , company , family , party , side (mostly ifc. e.g. catur- , tri-v° q.v. ; often pl. for sg.) Ka1tyS3r. Pra1t. &c
| [p= | 924,1] [p= 923,3] [L=187198.10]
( |
esp.) any series or group of words classified together (as manuṣya-vanas-pati-v° &c ) , or a class or series of consonants in the alphabet (seven such classes being given , viz. ka-varga , " the class of Guttural letters " ca-kāra-v° , or ca-v° , " the Palatals " ; ṭa-v° " the Cerebrals " ; ta-v° " the Dentals " ; pa-v° " the Labials " ; ya-v° " the Semivowels " ; śa-v° " the Sibilants " , and the aspirate h cf. varga-dvitīya and -prathama) Pra1t. VarBr2S. Vop.
| [L=187198.15] |
everything comprehended under any department or head , everything included under a category , province or sphere of. |
VarBr2S.
| [L=187198.20] |
= |
tri-varga (q.v.) BhP.
| [L=187198.25] |
a section , chapter , division of a book , ( |
esp.) a subdivision of an adhyāya in the ṛg-veda (which accord. to the mere mechanical division , contains 8 āṣṭakas or 64 adhyāyas or 2006 vargas ; cf. maṇḍala) and a similar subdivision in the bṛhad-devatā
| [L=187198.30] |
(in |
alg.) the square of a number Col. (e.g. pañca-v° , square of five cf. bhinna-v°)
| [L=187198.35] |
= |
bala , strength Naigh. ii , 9
| [L=187198.40] |
N. |
of a country Buddh.
varṇakrama
| (H3) | várṇa--krama [p= 924,2] [L=187312]
m. |
order or succession of colours Ka1tyS3r. Sch.
| [L=187313] |
order of castes ( |
°meṇa ind. according to the order of castes) Prab.
| [L=187314] |
order or series of letters , alphabetical arrangement , alphabet |
W.
| [L=187315] |
a |
partic. krama or method of reciting Vedic texts (» under krama) TPra1t.
varṇapāṭha
| (H3) | várṇa--pāṭha [p= 924,3] [L=187360]
m. |
" letter-register " , the alphabet Pat.
varṇamālā
| (H3) | várṇa--mālā [L=187383]
f. |
order or series of letters (esp. rows of letters written on a board or in a diagram) , the alphabet L.
varṇarāśi
| (H3) | várṇa--rāśi [L=187387]
m. |
" multitude or series of letters " , the alphabet RPra1t. , Introd. Sarvad.
varṇasaṃghāṭa
| (H3) | várṇa--saṃghāṭa [p= 925,1] [L=187421]
( |
Pat. ) m. " assemblage or aggregate of letters " , the alphabet.
varṇasaṃghāta
| (H3) | várṇa--saṃghāta [L=187422]
( |
Pat. ) m. " assemblage or aggregate of letters " , the alphabet.
varṇasamāmnāya
| (H3) | várṇa--samāmnāya [L=187423]
( |
VPra1t. &c ) m. " assemblage or aggregate of letters " , the alphabet.
śabdarāśi
| (H3) | śábda--rāśi [p= 1053,1] [L=212769]
m. |
(in phil.) a collection of sounds or words or in fallible verbal teachings (said of the veda)
| [L=212770] |
" collection of sounds or letters " , the alphabet
|
śabdarāśimaheśvara
| (H4) | śábda--rāśi---mahe* śvara [L=212771]
m. |
" great lord of the alphabet " , N. of śiva (as the revealer of grammar to pāṇini) RTL. 84 , 1 Cat.
śivasūtra
| (H3) | śivá--sūtra [p= 1075,3] [L=217852]
n. |
(cf. spanda-sūtra) N. of the aphorisms of the śaiva philosophy (attributed to the god śiva) Sarvad.
| [L=217853] |
N. |
of the 14 sūtras with which pāṇini opens his grammar (containing a peculiar method of arranging the alphabet or alphabetical sounds , said to have been communicated to him by the god śiva)
saguṇavatī
| (H4) | sa--guṇa---vatī [p= 1125,1] [L=227886]
f. |
N. of wk. (on the mystic power of the letters of the alphabet , ascribed to śaṃkarācārya) Cat.
siddhamātrikā
| (H3) | siddha--mātrikā [p= 1215,2] [L=244404]
f. |
N. of a partic. alphabet L.
| [L=244405] |
of a goddess |
Cat.
ha
| (H1) | ha 1 [p= 1286,1] [L=260028]
the thirty-third and last consonant of the |
nāgarī alphabet (in pāṇini's system belonging to the guttural class , and usually pronounced like the English h in hard ; it is not an original letter , but is mostly derived from an older gh , rarely from dh or bh).
| (H1) | ha 2 [L=260031]
m. |
(only L. ) a form of śiva or bhairava (cf. nakulī*śa)
| [L=260031.02] |
water
|
| [L=260031.04] |
a cipher ( |
i.e. the arithmetical figure which symbolizes o)
| [L=260031.06] |
meditation , auspiciousness
|
| [L=260031.08] |
sky , heaven , paradise
|
| [L=260031.10] |
blood
|
| [L=260031.12] |
dying
|
| [L=260031.14] |
fear
|
| [L=260031.16] |
knowledge
|
| [L=260031.18] |
the moon
|
| [L=260031.20] |
vi |
ṣṇu
| [L=260031.22] |
war , battle
|
| [L=260031.24] |
horripilation
|
| [L=260031.26] |
a horse
|
| [L=260031.28] |
pride
|
| [L=260031.30] |
a physician
|
| [L=260031.32] |
cause , motive
|
| [L=260031.34] |
= |
pāpa-haraṇa
| [L=260031.36] |
= |
sakopa-vāraṇa
| [L=260031.38] |
= |
śuṣka
| (H1B) | ha 2 [L=260031.40]
mf. |
laughter
| (H1B) | ha 2 [L=260031.44]
n. |
the Supreme Spirit
| (H1B) | ha 2 [L=260031.46]
n. |
pleasure , delight
| (H1B) | ha 2 [L=260031.48]
n. |
a weapon
| (H1B) | ha 2 [L=260031.50]
n. |
the sparkling of a gem
| (H1B) | ha 2 [L=260031.52]
n. |
calling , calling to the sound of a lute
| (H1B) | ha 2 [L=260031.54]
ind. |
= aham (?). IndSt.
| (H1B) | ha 2 [L=260031.56]
mfn. |
mad , drunk.
| (H1) | ha 3 [L=260032]
ind. |
(prob. orig. identical with 2. gha , and used as a particle for emphasizing a preceding word , esp. if it begins a sentence closely connected with another ; very frequent in the brāhmaṇas and sūtras , and often translatable by) indeed , assuredly , verily , of course , then &c (often with other particles e.g. with tv eva , u , sma , vai &c ; na ha , " not indeed " ; also with interrogatives and relatives e.g. yad dha , " when indeed " ; kad dha , " what then? " sometimes with impf. or pf. [cf. Pa1n2. 3-2 , 116] ; in later language very commonly used as a mere expletive , esp. at the end of a verse) RV. &c &c
| (H1) | ha 4 [L=260033]
mf |
(ā)n. (fr. √ han) killing , destroying , removing (only ifc. ; » arāti- , vṛtra- , śatruha &c )
| (H1) | ha 5 [L=260034]
mf |
(ā)n. (fr. √3. hā) abandoning , deserting , avoiding (ifc. ; » an-oka- and vāpī-ha)
| (H2) | ha [p= 1287,2] [L=260298]
» |
4. ha , [p= 1286,1].
| (H2) | ha [p= 1296,2] [L=262509]
» |
5. ha , [p= 1286,1].
gurumukhī
| (H3) | guru--mukhī [p= 1326,2] [L=330450.3]
f. |
N. of a partic. alphabet used by the Sikhs (a modification of devanāgarī), RTL. 164
